Introduction to Radiation Protection of Nuclear Facilities

Garant předmětu:

Lecturer:

Tutor:

Supervisor:

Department of Nuclear Reactors

Synopsis:

The course is focused on introduction to the problems of radiation protection at nuclear facilities; the legislative context; the utilization of radiation sources in controlled and monitored areas; practical activities to monitor and measure radiation situation, the protection of public and workers against ionizing radiation.

Requirements:

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Syllabus of lectures:

1.Radiation Protection

Scope: 1 lecture

Introduction, purpose and tasks of radiation protection and its relation to nuclear safeguards, physical protection and emergency preparedness. List of nuclear facilities in the Czech Republic and other countries. Literature review, study materials.

2. Radioactivity and ionizing radiation in the environment

Scope: 3 lectures

Radioactivity, the fundamentals and concepts, radioactive decay, the dose. Dose equivalent to evaluate the biological effects of ionizing radiation.

Effects of ionizing radiation on a human body. Artificial and natural sources of ionizing radiation. Radioactivity and the environment. Radioactive waste. The method of protection against adverse effects of radiation.

The radiation situation in the Czech Republic, releases of radioactivity from nuclear facilities during normal operation and accident conditions, analysis of selected accidents of various radiation sources.

3. Legislation in the field of radiation protection

Scope: 3 lectures

The Atomic Act from the perspective of radiation protection, SONS and its role, legislative conditions for the use of ionizing radiation.

Decree No. 307/2002 on radiation protection, the classification of sources of ionizing radiation, the exemption levels, categorizing workplaces, optimization and dose limits, the conditions of safe use of ionizing radiation and workplaces with them,

Continuous monitoring of radiation protection, controlled and monitored area; workplaces with radiation sources (enclosed, unsealed); the release of radionuclides into the environment, the release levels

4. Radiation monitoring

The purpose of the monitoring program and method of securing it. Monitoring of people, workplace monitoring, monitoring of discharges and environmental monitoring of nuclear facilities.

Instrumentation for ensuring the monitoring program. Dosimetric control equipment, calibration and measurement verification.

Measurements of dose rate of gamma rays and neutrons, measurement of surface contamination by alpha-beta radiation sources, a measurement of discharges. Monitoring of VR-1 reactor workplace.

Requirements for the Radiation Monitoring Systems, Radiation Monitoring System RMS VR-1 and the NPP Temelin. Early Warning Network of Czech republic, European monitoring network.

5. Working in a controlled and monitored area

Scope: 2 lectures

Topic of the lecture:

The method works with open and sealed sources, the quality assurance program in radiation protection. Manner and ensure safe working with ionization radiation for various nuclear facilities (reactor VR-1, NPP Temelin).

Activity in the exposure of people, contamination of the workplace and neighborhood. Internal and external emergency plan. Radiation emergencies and their solutions.

Syllabus of tutorials:

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Study Objective:

Knowledge: an overview of the requirements for radiation protection of nuclear facilities

Abilities: understanding the legislative context, the method of measurement, range monitoring to ensure

Study materials:

Key references:

Hála J.: Radioactivity, ionizing radiation, nuclear energy, Konvoj Brno, 1998, (in Czech)

Act No. 18/1997 Coll. on Peaceful Utilisation of Nuclear Energy and Ionising Radiation (the Atomic Act), as amended

Recommended references:

Bodansky D.: Nuclear Energy: Principles, Practices, and Prospects, 2nd ed. editionRadiation Detection and Measurement, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Springer-Verlag New York, 2004

International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources (CD-ROM Edition, 2003)

Series No. 115/CD, IAEA, 2004

Media and tools:

Portable devices dosimetry Rados, RDS120, RDS200, Berthold LB122, Tesla NB3201. The monitoring system VR-1

Note:

Time-table for winter semester 2024/2025:

Time-table is not available yet

Time-table for summer semester 2024/2025:

Time-table is not available yet

The course is a part of the following study plans:

• BS jaderné inženýrství B (compulsory course of the specialization)
• BS Jaderné inženýrství C (compulsory course of the specialization)