Detectors
Code | Completion | Credits | Range |
---|---|---|---|
16DET | ZK | 3 | 3+0 |
- Course guarantor:
- Lecturer:
- Tutor:
- Supervisor:
- Department of Dosimetry and Application of Ionizing Radiation
- Synopsis:
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Subject „Detectors“ deals with principle, construction, characteristics a applications of most common detector types, namely: ionization chambers, proportional counters, Geiger-Müller counters, corona counters, organic and inorganic scintillation detectors, Cherenkov counters, and semiconductor detectors.
- Requirements:
- Syllabus of lectures:
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1. Types of gas filled detectors, energy dissipation per ion pair w
2. DC mode of IC - saturated current, recombination/diffusion losses - dynamic response, use of DC working IC to measure of basic dosimetric quantities (gamma ray exposure, kerma, absorbed dose, activity)
3. Pulse mode of IC - carrier collection time, IC with full or electron only collection. Fission pulse chambers.
4. Proportional counters - gas multiplication factor, and the Diethorn parameters, space charge effects and energy resolution
5. Pulse shape of proportional counter - resolution time, counting characteristic, detection efficiency, use of PC for counting and absolute activity measurement alpha/beta. X-Ray counting and spectrometry.
6. Neutron detection and spectrometry by means of nuclear reactions, shape, wall effect, long counter.
7. Principle of Geiger-Mueller counters, external/internal quenching, counting plateau, dead/recovery time. Types of GM counters and their detection efficiency.
8. Corona counter - detection of neutrons, non sensitivity to gamma rays.
9. Preliminary of the scintillation detectors. Organic/inorganic detectors, scintillation process in organic scintillators, energy levels of pi - electrons, radiation/no radiation transition, fluorescence, phosphorescence, delayed fluorescence, migration of excitation energy, self-absorption. One and multi component scintillators. Conversion efficiency, emission spectra, time constant of light emission.
10. Exploitation of organic (solid and/or liquid) scintillators - neutron detection and spectrometry. Classification of inorganic scintillators, scintillation process, basic properties, usage of inorganic scintillators, special scintillation detectors.
11. Cerenkov detector - principle, threshold, differential types. Processing and registration of light photons from detectors - photo multiplier, and semiconductor light sensitive elements. dynodes, photodiodes, dark current, dark pulses.
12. Semiconductor detectors - prompt theory - using p-n junction as detector of charged particles, thickness of depletion region, entrance window, position sensitive Si detectors, P-I-N planar or coaxial structures (Li compensated, HPGe) as photon detector, detector cooling. Detectors made of other semiconductor materials than Si and Ge.
- Syllabus of tutorials:
- Study Objective:
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Knowledge:
Principles of ionizing radiation detection, Basic applications of detectors of ionizing radiation, Basics of construction of ionizing radiation detectors
Skills: Orientation in the covered topic, evaluation of detector parameters, choice of detectors for given application
- Study materials:
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Key references:
[1] Gerndt, J.; Průša, P.: Detektory ionizujícího záření. 2. přepracované vydání. Vydavatelství ČVUT, Praha, 2011.
Recommended references:
[2] Knoll, G.F.: Radiation Detection and Measurement. John Wiley & Sons, 4th edition, 2010
[3] Price, W.J.: Nuclear Radiation Detection. McGraw/Hill Book Comp., 1964
[4] P. Rodnyi: Physical Processes in Inorganic Scintillators,CRC Press, 1997
- Note:
- Further information:
- No time-table has been prepared for this course
- The course is a part of the following study plans: