Building Structures 4

Garant předmětu:

Vladimír Žďára

Přednášející:

Vladimír Žďára

Cvičící:

Vladimír Žďára

Předmět zajišťuje:

katedra konstrukcí pozemních staveb

Anotace:

Předmět se zabývá komplexním návrhem nenosných konstrukcí, jejich interakci s okolním prostředím.

V první části předmětu je pozornost zaměřena na problematiku vzájemného spolupůsobení nosných konstrukcí i na negativně působící interakce mezi nosným a nenosným systémem. Probírány jsou vlivy účinky nesilových zatížení, teplotních a objemových změn, vlastnosti konstrukčních materiálů.

Druhá část předmětu je zaměřena na návrh nenosných konstrukcí s ohledem na účinky větru, vlivy netuhého podepření pochozích konstrukcí a problematiku dilatování nenosných konstrukcí. Poslední část je věnována specifickému působení vody a ochraně budovy před jejími účinky.

Požadavky:

1. Completion of the course

The course is completed with a course credit and an examination. The course credit is a prerequisite for sitting the examination; without it a student cannot register for an examination date. The course credit is awarded on the basis of accepted assignments and fulfilled attendance.

Part I of this document sets out the requirements for the course credit, Part II the requirements for the examination.

Part I Course credit

2. Assignments

Six assignments are prepared during the semester:

Assignment 1 Interaction of load-bearing and non-load-bearing structures

Assignment 2 Volume changes

Assignment 3 Floors

Assignment 4 Structures exposed to wind

Assignment 5 Balustrades

Assignment 6 Effects of water

The assignments are prepared individually. Following the teachers instructions, each student selects a completed building in Prague for which design documentation is available if possible; all assignments are solved on this building. The selection of the building is part of the brief and the student submits it to the teacher at the first tutorial.

The scope of the assignments is uniform: analysis of the problem, calculation, design of the structure, measures in the case of a defect, and a scheme, sketch or detail. The brief for each assignment and any departure from this scope are announced by the teacher.

3. Attendance

Tutorials are held every week according to the schedule given in Section 4; two tutorials are devoted to each assignment. Attendance is compulsory and is assessed individually. Attendance without prepared materials counts as an absence. Three absences per semester are tolerated.

4. Tutorial schedule

Tutorials follow the schedule below; the same schedule is published in KOS:

1. Introduction, credit requirements, scope and form of the assignments, selection of the building, brief for Assignment 1

2. Assignment 1 Interaction of load-bearing and non-load-bearing structures

3. Assignment 1 consultation and closing, brief for Assignment 2

4. Assignment 2 Volume changes

5. Assignment 2 consultation and closing, brief for Assignment 3

6. Assignment 3 Floors

7. Assignment 3 consultation and closing, brief for Assignment 4

8. Assignment 4 Structures exposed to wind

9. Assignment 4 consultation and closing, brief for Assignment 5

10. Assignment 5 Balustrades

11. Assignment 5 consultation and closing, brief for Assignment 6

12. Assignment 6 Effects of water

13. Assignment 6 closing, check of completeness of the work, course credit

Closing an assignment means the last consultation on it in the tutorial; the completed assignment is submitted no later than one week afterwards under Section 5.

5. Submission

Materials for a consultation are submitted electronically no later than 10 p.m. on the day preceding the tutorial. Assignments are discussed jointly in front of the whole group.

The form of electronic submission and the rules for naming the submitted files are announced by the tutor no later than in the first week of teaching; they are uniform within the study group.

A completed assignment is submitted electronically only, no later than one week after the second consultation on that assignment. Submission on paper is not used.

Late submission may be used for one assignment only, and by no more than one week.

6. Acceptance of assignments

If a submitted assignment contains errors, it is returned for revision. Assignments are not graded; they are assessed as accepted or not accepted. The award of the course credit is conditional on all assignments being accepted.

7. Award of the course credit

The course credit is awarded once all assignments have been accepted under Section 6 and the attendance requirement under Section 3 has been met. The latest date for awarding the course credit is 14 days after the end of teaching in the winter semester, i.e. by the end of the second week of the examination period.

Both the award and the refusal of the course credit are recorded in KOS.

Part II Examination

8. Structure and content of the examination

The examination is written.

The examination takes the form of a test of 20 questions. The questions are both theoretical and practical; practical questions are calculation tasks, structural questions and questions answered by a drawing, following on from the assignments prepared in the tutorials.

The questions examine in particular the knowledge of terminology, of the way structures act and interact, of the effects of non-force actions and of water, simplified calculations, and the comprehensive design of details of non-load-bearing structures.

Points for the individual questions:

PartNumberPoints per questionTotal

Theoretical questions18472

Practical tasks21428

Total20100

The time allowed for the examination is 90 minutes.

9. Conditions for passing the examination

The examination is passed with more than half of the points, i.e. at least 50 points out of 100.

10. Final classification

The examination result is expressed as a percentage; with 100 points for the examination the percentage corresponds to the number of points obtained.

CTU grading scale (F for a result below 50 %):

ABCDE

90100 %8089 %7079 %6069 %5059 %

11. Examination dates and registration

Examination dates are announced at the beginning of the examination period and published in KOS at least 7 calendar days in advance.

Registration and withdrawal are possible no later than 2 days before the date.

12. Conduct of the examination

Students prove their identity with a student card or another identity document.

The examination is closed-book textbooks, standards, tables, personal notes and other materials must not be used.

Permitted aids: a calculator of an approved type without text memory, writing and drawing instruments, and pens for drawings. Aids are kept on the desk in a transparent case.

Bags, backpacks, outerwear, phones, smart watches, headphones and other electronic devices are left at a place designated by the teacher; the department accepts no liability for items left there.

Having a communication device during the examination is a breach of the examination rules regardless of whether it was used.

Medicines and medical aids, a drink in a transparent bottle and aids granted to students with specific needs are exempt.

13. Results and inspection

The examination result is recorded in KOS once the tests have been marked.

The marked paper may be inspected during the teacher's office hours or at another examination date.

14. Students with specific needs

Students with specific needs are granted extra time for the test according to their declared needs. This must be notified to the teacher no later than when registering for an examination date.

15. Examination topics

The topics follow the syllabus of the lectures.

1. System design of a building

The building as a system its main parts and main functions

System model of a building, division into subsystems and their links

The notion of a non-load-bearing structure; enclosing and dividing structures

Specialisation of subsystems shown on examples: external wall, roof, steel beam, timber floor

An element with several functions; a historical example of combined functions

2. Thermal and volume changes

Types of volume changes of building materials; volume and force effects of actions

Thermal expansion, design temperature, temperature field of a layered structure, surface heat transfer

Thermal actions to EN 1991-1-5; influence of solar exposure, position of the insulation and of a ventilated cavity

Moisture-induced changes in timber and masonry; volume changes of concrete plastic, autogenous and drying shrinkage

Movement joint units and joints; maximum lengths for concrete, masonry and steel structures

3. Interaction of the structural subsystems of a building

Strength, limiting deformation, flexibility and stiffness; the working diagram of a structure

Limiting deformation of a tie, a beam in bending and a member with a sliding fixed end

Sensitivity to imposed deformations material and structural sensitivity

Interaction of structures; a frame with a wall infill positive and negative interaction

Limiting deformations from the serviceability point of view; the detail of a partition connection

4. Creep

The nature of creep and relaxation; the development of the deformation in time

Creep of concrete, masonry, timber and soil differences and orders of magnitude

Damage to partitions caused by creep of the floor structure

Damage to the external envelope caused by creep of the vertical load-bearing structure

Measures sequence and timing of erection, sliding connections, design of the detail

5. Effects of water

Properties of water and its effect on the durability of a building; the optimum indoor humidity

Degradation of materials by water stone and masonry, timber, concrete and reinforced concrete, metals, insulation

Sources of water and moisture, the water cycle in a building, drying out a building

Transport of liquid water hydrostatic pressure, driving rain, capillary rise

Protection of the building: shaping of roofs and overhangs, gutters and parapets, interruption of capillary transport, risk analysis

6. Effects of wind

Wind actions to EN 1991-1-4 basic velocity, terrain category, coefficients

Pressure and suction on the surfaces of a building, zones of increased suction, influence of height and shape

Internal pressure and permeability of the envelope; distribution of the action between the layers

Actions on overhangs, canopies and free-standing structures

Dynamic effects and vibration of lightweight structures; critical details

7. Integrated design and optimisation of buildings

Groups of assessment criteria safety, environmental impact, cost, feasibility, durability

Optimisation and existence criteria; absolute and relative expression

Weights of the criteria and how they differ between assessment tools

The principle of multi-criteria assessment; the virtual and the real building

Assessment tools; sustainable design

8. External envelopes of buildings

Compositions of external envelopes, single-skin and multi-skin walls, ventilated cavity

Anchoring of cladding and of external thermal insulation systems number and position of anchors, edge zones

Anchoring of windows and doors according to their position in the façade and the substrate

Design rules for anchors: edge distances, resistance of an anchor, anchor layout drawing

Connection of the envelope to the load-bearing structure; thermal bridges in the detail

9. Roof envelopes

Compositions of flat roofs; stabilisation by mechanical fixing, bonding and ballast

Design of the ballast, laying plan, zones according to wind suction

Fixing of profiled sheeting and lightweight coverings

Compression of thermal insulation under point loads, formation of depressions and ponding

Equipment on the roof and its influence on the composition and drainage

10. Floor structures

Compositions of floors, floating and composite floors, load-distributing layers

Slabs on an elastic support in bending; the model of the subsoil and compressibility of the insulation

Concrete floor slabs movement joint units, shrinkage strips

Dowels and joints; the detail at a watertight basement and at an insulated slab

Point loads, load-distributing slabs, permissible compression of the insulation

11. Partitions and internal walls

Types of partitions masonry, dry-lined, glazed; infill and composite behaviour

Connection of a partition to the floor and to the vertical structures; sliding and fixed connections

Deformation of the floor structure and its transfer into the partition; limiting deflections

Acoustic and fire requirements in relation to the design of the connection

Damage to partitions cracks, their causes and repair

12. External structures

Balustrades structural scheme, infill material, height and design rules

Anchoring of balustrades, interruption of the thermal bridge, the detail at a parapet and a balcony

Fences, retaining walls and plinths actions, foundations, volume changes

Advertising boards, canopies and parasols wind actions, ballast, anchoring

Balconies, loggias and cantilevered structures drainage, waterproofing, thermal bridges

Osnova přednášek:

1. Systémový návrh budovy

2. Návrh stavby a jejich detailů s ohledem na působení teplotních a objemových změn

3. Navrhování stavebních konstrukcí a jejich detailů s ohledem na účinky interakce konstrukčních subsystémů budovy

4. Navrhování stavebních konstrukcí a jejich detailů s ohledem na problematiku dotvarování

5. Navrhování stavebních konstrukcí a jejich detailů s ohledem na účinky vody

6. Navrhování stavebních konstrukcí a jejich detailů s ohledem na kondenzaci vodní páry

7. Navrhování stavebních konstrukcí a jejich detailů s ohledem na účinky větru

8. Integrovaný návrh a optimalizace budov

9. Vybrané problémy návrhu obvodových plášťů budov

10. Speciální problémy návrhu střešního pláště

11. Speciální problémy navrhování podlahových konstrukcí

12. Speciální problémy navrhování příček a vnitřních stěn

13. Speciální problémy navrhování vnějších konstrukcí

Osnova cvičení:

1. Konstrukčně-statický návrh konstrukce budovy s ohledem na interakce nosné a nenosné konstrukce.

2.

3.

4. Konstrukčně-statický návrh konstrukcí s ohledem omezení účinků objemových změn

5.

6.

7. Konstrukčně-statický návrh podlahových konstrukcí.

8.

9.

10. Konstrukčně-statický návrh obalových konstrukcí s ohledem na účinky větru.

11.

12.

13. Rezerva

Cíle studia:

Porozumět principům statického působení a návrhu nenosných konstrukcí s ohledem na jejich interakce s okolním prostředím a subsystémy budovy.

Naučit se aplikovat teoretické znalosti z předchozích předmětů v návrhu nosných, obalových a dělících konstrukcí. Porozumět integrovanému návrhu, konstrukčně-statickým a stavebně-fyzikálním požadavkům kladeným na tyto konstrukce.

Studijní materiály:

1.Pánek J., Rojík V., Krňanský J.: Technicko-fyzikální analýza staveb, skripta ČVUT Praha, 1989

2.Bill Zd.: Prostorová tuhost železobetonových hal, SNTL, Praha, 1985

3.Kolektiv autorů: Poruchy staveb, skripta ČVUT Praha, 1992"

Poznámka:

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Rozvrh na zimní semestr 2026/2027:

	06:00–08:0008:00–10:0010:00–12:0012:00–14:0014:00–16:0016:00–18:0018:00–20:0020:00–22:0022:00–24:00
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Út	místnost TH:A-633a 18:30–20:05 (přednášková par. 1 paralelka 101) Thákurova 7 (budova FSv) A633a
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Čt	místnost TH:C-204 08:00–09:35 (přednášková par. 1) Thákurova 7 (budova FSv) C204
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Rozvrh na letní semestr 2026/2027:

Rozvrh není připraven

Předmět je součástí následujících studijních plánů:

• Civil Engineering (povinný předmět)