Biology

In order to register for the course F7PBBBCH, the student must have successfully completed the course F7PBBBLG.

Garant předmětu:

Veronika Vymětalová

Lecturer:

Veronika Vymětalová

Tutor:

Aneta Buchtelová, Veronika Vymětalová

Supervisor:

Department of Natural Sciences

Synopsis:

The student will gain clear knowledge of general and cell biology, through the formation of cells and organelles (endosymbiotic theory) and basic chemical composition of cells (simple inorganic and organic substances, carbohydrates, fats, amino acids, biopolymers - NK and proteins), construction of non-cellular forms (especially viruses ) and cells, both prokaryotic (bacteria) and eukaryotic (plant, animal and fungal cells), they will get acquainted with cell metabolism (anabolism and catabolism), growth and cell differentiation, division (cell cycle and its regulatory mechanisms) until apoptosis and necrosis. They will get acquainted with the basics of microbiology (viral and bacterial diseases of man) and applications in technical and medical fields. He will gain detailed knowledge about the internal structure of a eukaryotic cell, its endomembrane system and semiautonomous organelles and the processes that take place in them. Following in the field of molecular biology, they will get acquainted with the basic processes that are necessary for the implementation of genetic information, the processes of replication, transcription, translation (ie proteosynthesis) and gene expression, the genetic code. In general genetics, with basic genetic terminology and processes of passing genetic information from parents to offspring according to Mendel's and Morgan's laws, changing genetic information in the form of mutations and possibilities of repair in the cell. Human genetics (clinical genetics) includes basic examination methods and human genetic diseases (autosomal dominant, recessive, gonosomal dominant, recessive, mitochondrial and others). Following the great development of molecular biology and biochemistry techniques, the student is acquainted with genetic engineering and its methods of genetically modified organisms and their preparation, tissue cultures and biotechnologies. Applied biology in technical and medical fields describes the use of biological structures and mechanisms in modern technology and medicine. The conclusion consists of issues related to the field of animal cells and tissues, their histology and issues of biocompatibility.

Requirements:

Prerequisites and co-requisites: knowledge of the taught material of high school curriculum in biology.

Syllabus of lectures:

1. Introduction to the study of biology, history and biological disciplines, the origin of life on Earth, the chemical composition of living organisms.

2. Non-cellular forms - viruses, viroids and prions. Cell forms - prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

3. Basics of microbiology - bacterial cell structure, metabolism, growth and multiplication, human bacterial diseases, antibacterial factors. Applied microbiology in biomedical engineering.

4. Cell biology - eukaryotic cell structure, basic characteristics of individual types of eukaryotic cells, biomembrane structure, cell metabolism - anabolism and catabolism.

5. Cell biology - cell organelles and structures: nucleus, semiautonomous organelles - mitochondria, plastids, membrane systems ER, GA, other organelles, cytoskeleton.

6. Cell biology - cell reproduction, cell cycle, cell division, cell aging, cell death - apoptosis and necrosis.

7. Basics of molecular biology - structure of nucleic acids - DNA, RNA, structure of proteins - proteins, genetic code and genetic information.

8. Transfer of genetic information - replication, transcription, translation, regulation of gene expression, cell totipotency.

9. General genetics - professional genetic terminology, Mendel's and Morgan's laws, human genetics, examination methods and genetic diseases - basic overview.

10. Changes in genetic information - mutations. Spontaneous and induced. Molecular nature of mutations. Detection of mutations by molecular biology methods. Repair mechanisms.

11. Genetic manipulations, genetic engineering, genetically modified cells and organisms.

12. Biotechnology. Cloning and gene transfer. Tissue cultures and laboratory and industrial cell culture.

13. Applied biology in technical and medical fields.

14. Basics of histology of animals, tissues - epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous. Animal tissues and biocompatibility.

Syllabus of tutorials:

1. Microscope and its use in biology and medical sciences. Microscopic methods of light and electron microscopy.

2. Preparation of microscopic slides for light and electron microscopy.

3. Basics of working with microorganisms in the biological / microbiological laboratory - cultivation of microorganisms.

4. Prokaryotic cell microscopy.

5. Microscopy of eukaryotic cells.

6. Microscopy of cell organelles - cell nucleus and semi-autonomous organelles.

7. Microscopy of cell organelles - other organelles and cell inclusions.

8. Cell cycle and cell division - mitosis, meiosis, cytokinesis.

9. Cell and environment.

10. Anatomy and organology of plants.

11. Microscopy of animal cells and tissues.

12. Selected tasks from general genetics.

13. Selected tasks from human genetics.

14. Tasks from molecular biology.

Study Objective:

Output knowledge, skills, abilities and competences: overview and knowledge in the fields of general biology, cell biology, basics of microbiology, basics of molecular biology, genetics and genetic engineering, needed for further study. Ability to use clear biological knowledge and microscopic technique in solving the student's final thesis.

Study materials:

Compulsory literature:

[1] VYMĚTALOVÁ, Veronika. Biology for biomedical engineering. 3rd revised edition. In Prague: Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Technical University, CTU, 2019. ISBN 978-80-01-06533-4

[2] VYMĚTALOVÁ V .: Biology for Biomedical Engineering - laboratory exercise, textbook ČVUT 2021, ISBN 978-80-01-06789-5

[3] ALBERTS, B. et al .: Essential Cell Biology. Garland Publishing Inc .. NewYork, 1998, Czech edition: Fundamentals of Cell Biology, Espero Publishing, Ústí n.L., 2005, ISBN 80-902906-2-0,

[4] ROSYPAL et al .: A New Review of Biology, Scientia 2003, ISBN 978-80-7367-343-7,

[5] ŠMARDA J. et al .: Biology for Psychologists and Educators, Portal 2004, ISBN 978-80-7367-343-7

Recommended literature:

[1] VYMĚTALOVÁ V .: Small Dictionary of Biological Terms, CTU, Prague 2010, ISBN 978-80-01-04515-2

[2] CAMPBELL N.A. , REECE J.B .: Biology. Computer Press, Brno 2006, ISBN 80-251-1178-4

[3] SNUSTAD D.P., SIMMONS. M .: GENETICS, Masaryk University, Brno 2017, ISBN 978-80-210-8613-5

[4] Course materials Acquisition and image processing in microscopy [online]. Jiří Hozman, c2002-2019. Last change 18. 10. 2013 [cit. 2019-05-27]. URL: http://webzam.fbmi.cvut.cz/hozman/

[5] Molecular Expressions: Images from the Microscope [online]. National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, c1995-2019. Last change: 28.5.2019. [feeling. 2019-04-14] http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/ (permission to use for teaching granted)

Note:

Time-table for winter semester 2023/2024:

	06:00–08:0008:00–10:0010:00–12:0012:00–14:0014:00–16:0016:00–18:0018:00–20:0020:00–22:0022:00–24:00
Mon
Tue	roomKL:B-223 Buchtelová A. Vymětalová V. 14:00–15:50 (lecture parallel1) Kladno FBMI Lab. mikroskopických praktik
Wed	roomKL:B-223 Buchtelová A. 10:00–11:50 (lecture parallel1) Kladno FBMI Lab. mikroskopických praktikroomKL:B-223 Buchtelová A. 12:00–13:50 (lecture parallel1) Kladno FBMI Lab. mikroskopických praktik
Thu	roomKL:C-4 Vymětalová V. 12:00–13:50 (lecture parallel1) Kladno FBMI C4, Malý sál
Fri

Time-table for summer semester 2023/2024:

Time-table is not available yet

The course is a part of the following study plans:

• Biomedical Technology (compulsory course)