Alternative Energy Sources

Course guarantor:

Lecturer:

Tutor:

Supervisor:

Department of Environmental Engineering

Synopsis:

Principles and basics of alternative energy sources applications. Solar energy. Heat pumps.

Requirements:

Basics of thermal engineering.

Subject Environmental Engineering.

Syllabus of lectures:

Solar energy. Origin of solar energy, space propagation and impact on Earth. Geometry of solar radiation. Solar

irradiation and dose of sun irradiation on a generally oriented and generally inclined surface.

. Theoretical and real time of sunshine. Measurement. Solar radiation doses in the Czech Republic and Europe.

. Solar thermal collectors - types (flat plate, tube, concentrating, fluid, air).

. Heat output of the solar collector. Efficiency of solar collectors, efficiency curve and its determination.

. Liquid solar thermal systems. Calculation of the heat demand and determination of the heat gains of the solar

system. Design of area of solar collector for basic applications (hot water preparation).

. Solar fraction. Mean utilized heat gains of the solar system.

. Accumulation water storage tanks, hot water storage tanks, combined storage tanks.

. Heat pumps. Basic principles of transferring energy. Carnot's cycle. Rankin's cycle. Real cycle. Heat pump

components - compressor, evaporator, condenser, expansion valve, refrigerant.

. Heat pump characteristics. Heat output, cooling capacity, electric power. Testing of heat pumps. Coefficient of

performance. Seasonal coefficient of performance. Minimum coefficient of performance from the point of view

of the primary fuels replacement.

. Sources of low-potential heat for heat pump (air, water, ground, waste heat). Borehole design. Underground

collector design. Pumping well design. Design of air flow rate.

. Operation modes of heat pumps (monovalent, bivalent, alternative). Balance of operation, Interval Method.

Seasonal coefficient of performance. Thermal storage reservoirs for heat pumps and their design. Hydraulic

connection.

. Advanced heat pump systems. Advanced heat pump configurations (after cooler, superheated steam cooler).

. Reduction of the electric energy consumption of systems with heat pumps in combination with solar systems.

Syllabus of tutorials:

Geometry of solar radiation. Efficiency and thermal output of solar collector. Dimensioning of solar collector area for water heating systems. Energy gains calculation. Heat pump cycle in diagramm pressure-enthalpy. Dimensioning of low-potential heat sources for heat pumps (ground bore holes and flat collectors, wells, waste air). Design of heat pump for heating (heat load, heating water temperature).

Study Objective:

Gaining theoretical overview on ways of alternative energy sources use and basics of AES application design.

Study materials:

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenergie: Planning and Installing Solar Thermal Systems: A Guide for Installers,

Architects, and Engineers, Earthscan, 2005

· Karl Ochsner: Geothermal Heat Pumps: A Guide for Planning and Installing. available online:

http://books.google.cz/books?id=O88GhFYKfoC&

printsec=frontcover&hl=cs&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

Note:

Further information:

http://www.fsid.cvut.cz/~matustom/aze.htm

No time-table has been prepared for this course

The course is a part of the following study plans: