General Chemistry

Course guarantor:

Petr Distler

Lecturer:

Petr Distler

Tutor:

Petr Distler

Supervisor:

Department of Nuclear Chemistry

Synopsis:

Requirements:

Syllabus of lectures:

1.Periodic law and periodic table of elements. Electronegativity, its connection with the properties of elements, oxidation number, formal charge of an atom.

2.Advanced modifications of chemical equations, their meaning and work with them.

3.Stoichiometric calculations.

4.Structure of atoms: Quantum and wave mechanical model of the atom, types of atomic orbitals and their characteristics. Construction of electron shells, valence shell and valence electrons.

5.Structure of molecules: The essence of chemical bonding, classification of bonds and their characteristics (ionic, chemical, metallic, coordination, hydrogen, Van der Waals), energy and bond length.

6.Molecular orbitals as combinations of atomic orbitals, applications to diatomic molecules, hybridization theory and VSEPR.

7.Basic thermodynamic concepts, state quantities (temperature, pressure, ...), comparison of ideal and real gases, equation of state of an ideal gas, mixtures of ideal gases (Dalton's law and Amagat's law)

8.Equilibria in aqueous solutions of electrolytes, autodissociation of water, ionic product of water, types of electrolytes, acids and bases according to Brönsted and Lowry, pH factor, pH calculations of strong acids (bases) without and with allowance for autoionization of water. Weak acids (bases), dissociation constant, equilibrium degree of dissociation, pH calculations of their aqueous solutions.

9.Salt solutions, hydrolysis, equilibrium degree of hydrolysis, pH of salt solutions. Mixtures of strong acids (bases), mixtures of weak acids (bases), mixtures strong acid - weak acid (strong base - weak base), buffers, pH calculations.

10.Acids with more hydrogen atoms, pH calculations, equilibria in solutions of insoluble electrolytes, solubility product.

11.Rate of reaction, kinetic equation, order of reaction, rate constant and its dependence on temperature, Arrhenius relation.

12.Integration of kinetic equations, dependence of the composition of the reaction mixture on time, first-order reactions and some of their systems, analogies with relations describing the kinetics of radioactive transformations of various systems of radionuclides. Systems with more reactants and reactions of higher orders.

13.Molecular transport.

Syllabus of tutorials:

Study Objective:

Study materials:

Key Literature:

1.R. Petrucci, F. Herring, J. Madura, C. Bissonnette: General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications, 12th Ed., Pearson Education, 2023

2.B. W. Pfennig: Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, New Jersey, 2015

3.S. Zumdahl, D. J. DeCoste: Chemical Principles, 8th Ed., Cengage Learning, Inc, 2017

Recommended Literature:

4.R. Chang: Chemistry, 9th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2007

Note:

Further information:

No time-table has been prepared for this course

The course is a part of the following study plans: