Nuclear and Radiation Physics

Garant předmětu:

Lecturer:

Tutor:

Supervisor:

Department of Dosimetry and Application of Ionizing Radiation

Synopsis:

Concise review of opinions about atoms and radiation physics, relativistic and quantum properties, basic characteristics of atoms and nuclei, binding energy, measurement of nuclear mass and diameter, nuclear moments, isospin, basic nuclear models, general characteristics of interaction of radiation with a matter, interaction of alpha, beta, gamma and neutrons, penetration of radiation beams through material, radiation effects in a matter.

General laws of radioactivity, radioactivity alpha, proton radioactivity, radioactivity beta, gamma-ray emission, natural radioactivity, general characteristics of nuclear reactions, nuclear reaction types, direct reactions and compound nucleus, nuclear fission, transuranium elements, nuclear fusion.

Requirements:

Course of mathematics and physics on the level of basic courses at the FNSPE.

Syllabus of lectures:

1. Concise review of development of nuclear and radiation physics

2. Physical quantities in radiation physics and their measurement, cross sections

3. Basics characteristics of atomic nuclei

4. Nuclear masses and binding energies

5. Methods for determining radius of nuclei

6. Nuclear moments and further quantum characteristics

7. Nuclear models - general characteristics and types

8. Basic properties of the most important particles in radiation physics

9. General characteristics of interaction of ionising radiation with a matter

10. Interaction of heavy charged particles with a matter, stopping power

11. Energy loses of electrons transmitting through a matter

12. Processes if interaction of X- and gamma-rays

13. Processes of neutron interactions in a matter

14. Effects caused in a matter by ionising radiation - ionisation and excitation, heat production

15.The most important types of radioactive decay, statistical character of decay, kinetics of radioactive decay, radioactive equilibrium

16.Essential experimental knowledge on alpha decay (energy spectra, Geiger-Nuttall formula, etc.)

17.Tunnel effect and mechanism of alpha decay

18.Proton radioactivity, its discovery and types

19.Three types of beta decay and their energy balance

20.Basic principles of the Fermi theory of beta decay

21.Emission of gamma rays, internal conversion

22.Natural radioactivity, radioactive series

23.General characteristics and energy balance of nuclear reactions, conservation laws in nuclear reactions

24.Mechanisms of nuclear reactions - compound nucleus, direct reactions

25.Nuclear reactions with neutrons, nuclear fission

26.Transuranium elements, their production and properties

27.Nuclear reactions with charged particles, photonuclear reactions

28.Thermonuclear reaction in cosmic bodies and in terrestrial conditions

Syllabus of tutorials:

1. laboratory reference frame vs. center of mass reference frame

2. fundamental relations in quantum physics

3. classical (Newton) vs. relativistic (Einstein) physics

4. relations among momentum, mass, energy, wawelength, frequency, etc.

5. binding energy of nuclei, Weizsäcker formula, line of beta stability

6. mass and ardius of nuclei

7. interaction of heavy charged particle with matter

8. interaction of light charged particle with matter

9. Bethe-Bloch formula for collision and radiation losses

10. empirical relationships for range of particles in material

11. interaction of photons with matter

12. passage of photon beam through material

13. interaction of neutron with matter

14. (radio-)activity - quantities and relations among them, energy released during radioactive decay

15. alpha decay, Geiger-Nutall formula

16. beta decay - beta minus, beta plus, electron capture

17. internal conversion, emission of gamma photons - redistribution of excitation energy

18. genetically linked radionuclides, decay series

19. nuclear reaction (NR), conservation laws, kinematics of NR

20. energy of nuclear reaction, energy treshold of nuclear reaction

21. nuclear reaction of charger particles

22. photonuclear reaction

23. neutron nuclear reaction, nuclear fission

24. thermunuclear reaction

25. production of (radio-)nuclides, transuranic elements

26. credit test

Study Objective:

Knowledges:

Knowledge of nuclear and radiation physics as the basis for more specialized courses on the detection, dosimetry and the use of ionizing radiation in various applications of science and technology.

Abilities:

Application of basic knowledge on complex systems, usable for various applications.

Study materials:

Key references:

[1] L. Musílek: Úvod do fyziky ionizujícího záření, Praha, SNTL 1979. (in Czech)

Recommended references:

[2] J.S. Lilley: Nuclear Physics - Principles and Applications. Chichester, Wiley 2001

[3] K.N. Muchin: Eksperimental'naja jaděrnaja fizika I. Moskva, Eněrgoatomizdat 1983

[4] J. Magill - J. Gally: Radioactivity, Radionuclides, Radiation. Berlin, Springer 2005

[5] B. Povh - K. Rith - C. Scholz - F. Zetsche: Particles and Nuclei - An Introduction to the Physical Concepts. Berlin, Springer 1999

[6] B.R. Martin: Nuclear and Particle Physics - An Introduction. Chichester, Wiley 2006

[7] W. Loveland - D.J.Morisey - G.T. Seaborg: Modern Nuclear Chemistry. Hoboken, Wiley 2006

Note:

Further information:

No time-table has been prepared for this course

The course is a part of the following study plans: