Human Anatomy and Physiology II.

Garant předmětu:

Lecturer:

Tutor:

Supervisor:

Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection

Synopsis:

Introduction to pathology: definition, goals, history, disease, symptoms. Etiology and pathogenesis of the diseases at the organ, tissue, cellular and molecular level. External factors of the desease’s origin and development. Pathogenic stimuli. Wound healing. Inflammation as a defensive and autoaggressive phenomenon. Circulatory disorders, atrophy, necrosis. Tumors. Specific features of pathological changes of the central nervous system, eye, optical pathways.

Requirements:

Test requirements:

1. Basic knowledge verified by semestral oral examinations.

2. The final test contains 32 questions. To pass the exam, the student must have 51% correct answers.

Syllabus of lectures:

1. Status and definition of pathology. Concept of tissue pathology, working methods. Division of pathology. Causes of diseases. Etiological and systemic pathology.

2. Regressive changes, the concept of death. Necrosis, apoptosis, atrophy. Dystrophy.

3. Inflammation - anatomical and clinical signs. Acute and chronic inflammation.

4. Tumors - cancer. Carcinogenesis, benign and malignant tumors. Grading and staging of tumors.

5. Progressive changes. Teratology: chromosomal, genetic and epigenetic defects.

6. Etiological pathology. Infectious diseases. Non-infectious diseases. Eating disorders. Immune disorders.

7. Eye pathology. Introduction to the basics of examination, necessary to assess pathological changes. Eye area, orbit, lacrimal apparatus (lacrimal gland and draining lacrimal ducts), bulbar congestion - superficial and deep injection.

8. Position of the bulb, bulb motility, cornea - surface, thickness and endothelium, anterior chamber.

9. Diseases of the lens - cataract, vitreous humor.

10. Retinal and optic nerve diseases. Glaucoma.

11. Hereditary diseases, changes in refractive features of eye.

12. Strabismus.

13. Orbital injuries.

Syllabus of tutorials:

1. Status and definition of pathology. Concept of tissue pathology, working methods. Division of pathology. Causes of diseases. Etiological and systemic pathology.

2. Regressive changes, the concept of death. Necrosis, apoptosis, atrophy. Dystrophy.

3. Inflammation - anatomical and clinical signs. Acute and chronic inflammation.

4. Tumors - cancer. Carcinogenesis, benign and malignant tumors. Grading and staging of tumors.

5. Progressive changes. Teratology: chromosomal, genetic and epigenetic defects.

6. Etiological pathology. Infectious diseases. Non-infectious diseases. Eating disorders. Immune disorders.

7. Eye pathology. Introduction to the basics of examination, necessary to assess pathological changes. Eye area, orbit, lacrimal apparatus (lacrimal gland and draining lacrimal ducts), bulbar congestion - superficial and deep injection.

8. Position of the bulb, bulb motility, cornea - surface, thickness and endothelium, anterior chamber.

9. Diseases of the lens - cataract, vitreous humor.

10. Retinal and optic nerve diseases. Glaucoma.

11. Hereditary diseases, changes in refractive features of eye.

12. Strabismus.

13. Orbital injuries.

14. Summary.

Study Objective:

Introduction to pathology: definition, goals, history, disease, symptoms.

Study materials:

[1] ROKYTA, Richard. Fyziologie. Třetí, přepracované vydání. Praha: Galén, 2019. ISBN: 978-80-7492-238-1.

[2] DYLEVSKÝ, Ivan. Funkční anatomie. 3. vyd. Praha: Grada, 2019. ISBN: 978-80-247-3240-4.

[3] ROKYTA, Richard a kol. Fyziologie pro bakalářská studia v medicíně, ošetřovatelství, přírodovědných, pedagogických a tělovýchovných oborech. 2., přeprac. vyd. Praha: ISV, 2008. ISBN: 978-80-86642-48-2.

Note:

Further information:

No time-table has been prepared for this course

The course is a part of the following study plans:

• Optics and Optometry (compulsory course)