Nuclear Medicine I

Garant předmětu:

Lecturer:

Tutor:

Supervisor:

Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection

Synopsis:

The target of the subject is to acquaint students with physical principles related to nuclear medicine where radioactive substances are used, prevalently for diagnostic purposes, but also for therapeutic purposes (mainly palliative therapy). It is particularly necessary to understand the role of radionuclides in radiopharmaceuticals used and also functions of particular elements of imaging systems. Principles of imaging techniques are detailed based on single-photon and positron emission tomography and also on other tomographic methods. Attention is also paid to methods of establishing doses received by the patient due to internal irradiation. The area of radiation protection is also an important part of the teaching process, which is associated with the use of unsealed sources in nuclear medicine. This problem concerns the patient as well as staff members. Radiation accidents are also discussed, which can potentially occur at departments of nuclear medicine.

Requirements:

Active participation in seminars, including home preparation, required 100% attendance at seminars, absence can be excused only for serious and documented reasons for agreement with the exercises. The method of compensation shall exercise teacher. Credit will be awarded for essay submission, which will be acceptable leader for the exercise and successfully performed the control test and final test of the content of exercise and given a separate study. In the test, the student may use literature, Internet, mobile phone or consult with other students.

The written test is part of the combined control of:

- ABC-type answers (possibly more correct answers) - correctly answered question 1 point

- The answer when it is necessary to respond in writing (very important issues) - 5 points

Students can reach the maximum number of 80 points, with the successful execution of the recovery test is necessary to reach 60 points (75%) and more.

The written portion of the graded final test is combined from:

- ABC-type answers (possibly more correct answers) - correctly answered question 1 point

- The answer when it is necessary to respond in writing (very important issues) - 5 points

Students can reach the maximum number of 80 points, with the successful execution of the test is graded credit must achieve 60 points (75%) and more.

Rating ECTS:

A good 100-90 (excellent)

B 89-80 very good (very good)

C 79-70 well (good)

D 69-60 satisfactory (satisfactory)

E 59-50 enough (sufficient)

F 49-0 failed (failed)

Syllabus of lectures:

First The role of physics in nuclear medicine, radionuclides and their quantification, radioactive decay, activity, decay chain, radioactive equilibrium, physical and biological half-life

Second Radiopharmaceuticals - properties, production, radionuclide generators, physical, chemical and radiological parameters most commonly used radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic and therapeutic use, activity measurements of radiopharmaceuticals, radiation patient, minimizing the benefit of people continguous with patients

Third Gamakamery function and its parameters, reconstruction display, measurement parameter gamakamery, quality control in nuclear medicine display (resolution, contrast, noise)

4th Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), computer image processing in nuclear medicine, including 3D views

5th Positron emission tomography (PET), positron radionuclides

6th Internal radiation dosimetry, the dose to specific organs, the recommended limit level of activity administered in accordance with relevant regulations

7th Radiation protection - specifics in nuclear medicine, radiation and radionuclide monitoring, protective clothing and equipment, radioactive waste, prevention of accidents in nuclear medicine and methods of mitigating their radiological consequences, decontamination of contaminated areas and objects

Syllabus of tutorials:

Practical exercises:

The role of physics in nuclear medicine.

Radionuclides and their quantification, radioactive decay, activity.

Decay series, radioactive equilibrium, physical and biological half-life.

Characteristics of radiopharmaceuticals, production of radiopharmaceuticals, radionuclide generators.

Physical, chemical and radiological parameters of most frequently used radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic applications, measurements of activities of radiopharmaceuticals, radiation load to the patient.

Physical, chemical and radiological parameters of most frequently used radiopharmaceuticals for therapeutic applications, minimizing doses of persons coming in contact with patients, procedures and criteria of their dismission for home care.

Function of gamma camera and its parameters; image reconstruction.

Measurement of gamma camera parameters, control of the quality of imaging in nuclear medicine

(resolution, contrast, noise).

Single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT).

Computerized processing of image in nuclear medicine including 3D imaging.

Positron emission tomography (PET), radionuclides emitting positrons.

Dosimetry of internal irradiation, determination of doses in particular organs, recommended limit levels of activities administered in agreement with appropriate regulations.

Certain specific features of radiation protection in nuclear medicine, monitoring of radiation and radionuclides, protective means and tools, radioactive waste.

Preventing accidents in nuclear medicine and methods aimed at reduction of their radiological consequences, decontamination of contaminated rooms and objects.

Study Objective:

Targets:

to master basic knowledge within the subject to the extent necessary for the performance of the profession in the branch Radiology Assistant.

Study materials:

[1] Sabol, J. a Vlček, P.: Radiační ochrana v radioterapii. Praha, ČVUT Praha, 2011

[2] Karel Kupka, Josef Kubinyi, Martin Šámal a kol.: Nukleární medicína, nakladatelství P3K, 2007

[3] Kolektiv autorů: Nukleární medicína (učební text), Ústav nukleární 1. LF UK a VFN, Gentiana, Praha, 2000.

[4] Mysliveček, M., Hušák, V a Koranda, P.: Nukleární medicína I, UP Olomouc, 1995

[5] Cherry, S. R., Sorenson, J. A. and Phelps, M. E.: Physics in Nuclear Medicine, Third edition, Saunders, Philadelphia (USA), 2003

Note:

Further information:

No time-table has been prepared for this course

The course is a part of the following study plans:

• Radiological Assistant - full-time (compulsory course)