Biology

Garant předmětu:

Lecturer:

Tutor:

Supervisor:

Department of Natural Sciences

Synopsis:

Basic information about the cellular level of organisms - from acelullar through prokaryotic to eukaryotic, endosymbiotic hypothesis. Structure and conformation of biopolymers (nucleid acids and proteins). Prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells. Plant and animal cell structure and function. The nucleus, chemistry and structure of chromatin and chromosomes. Cytoplasm. Endomembrane system: endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, microbodies (glyoxisomes, peroxisomes), vacuoles. Semiautonomic organelles: mitochondria, sites of respiration and chloroplasts, sites of photosynthesis. The origin of eukaryotes: endosymbiotic hypothesis. Ribosomes. The cytoskeleton: microtubules, microfilaments. The cell cycle: mitotic (M) phase and interphase (G1, S and G2 phases). The division of cell nucleus - amitosis, mitosis, phases of mitosis, the mitotic spindle; meiosis. The cell division - cytokinesis. Cell differentiation. Cell death. Apoptosis and necrosis. Fundamentals of virology. Viruses - structure, life cycle and molecular biology. Viral genome.

Requirements:

Assessment: laboratory practices elaboration, succesful mastery of written work.

Examination: class ticket, succesful mastery of written work

Syllabus of lectures:

1.Basic information about the cellular level of organisms

2.Structure and conformation of biopolymers (nucleid acids and proteins).

3.Prokaryotic cells.

4.Eukaryotic cells. Plant and animal cell structure and function.

5.The nucleus, chemistry and structure of chromatin and chromosomes.

6.Semiautonomic organelles

7.The cytoskeleton: microtubules, microfilaments.

8.The cell cycle: mitotic (M) phase and interphase (G1, S and G2 phases).

9.The division of cell nucleus - amitosis, mitosis, phases of mitosis, the mitotic spindle; meiosis. The cell division - cytokinesis.

10.Cell differentiation.

11.Cell death. Apoptosis and necrosis.

12.Fundamentals of virology.

Syllabus of tutorials:

1. Microscopy. Microscopic Methods.

2. The preparation of the microscopic sample.

3. Prokaryotic cell microscopy.

4. Eukaryotic cell microscopy.

5. Cell Organelles microscopy.

6. Cell Organelles microscopy.

7. Cell division. Mitosis.

8. Cell plasmolysis.

9. Plant anatomy and organology.

10. Animal tissues.

11. Genetics - exercises.

12. Genetics - exercises.

13. Molecular biology.

Study Objective:

Basic information about the cellular level of organisms - from acelullar through prokaryotic to eukaryotic, endosymbiotic hypothesis. Structure and conformation of biopolymers (nucleid acids and proteins). Prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells. Plant and animal cell structure and function. The nucleus, chemistry and structure of chromatin and chromosomes. Cytoplasm. Endomembrane system: endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, microbodies (glyoxisomes, peroxisomes), vacuoles. Semiautonomic organelles: mitochondria, sites of respiration and chloroplasts, sites of photosynthesis. The origin of eukaryotes: endosymbiotic hypothesis. Ribosomes. The cytoskeleton: microtubules, microfilaments. The cell cycle: mitotic (M) phase and interphase (G1, S and G2 phases). The division of cell nucleus - amitosis, mitosis, phases of mitosis, the mitotic spindle; meiosis. The cell division - cytokinesis. Cell differentiation. Cell death. Apoptosis and necrosis. Fundamentals of virology. Viruses - structure, life cycle and molecular biology. Viral genome.

Study materials:

1.JONES, Mary a Geoff JONES. Cambridge IGCSE biology: coursebook. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.

2.JOHNSON, Arthur T. Biology for engineers. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2011.

Note:

Further information:

No time-table has been prepared for this course

The course is a part of the following study plans:

• Optics and Optometry - full-time (compulsory course)