Nanophysics

Garant předmětu:

Lecturer:

Tutor:

Supervisor:

Department of Laser Physics and Photonics

Synopsis:

The lecture offers a deep overview on nanophysics, clarifies the terminology, compares various forms of matter and structures, with the emphasis on nanostructures, and relates electronic and photonic nanostructures. It also reviews terms and methods form solid state physics, and applies them to quantum restricted nanostructures (quantum wells, multiple quantum wells, quantum wires, quantum dots). The attention is further given both to the electrodynamics of metals, its specifics, the lecture discusses and classifies plasmons; it further systematically explains especially the surface plasmons. Next, the lecture covers the photonic nanostructures, their properties, and relation to electronic structures, with the emphasis on photonic crystals, it gives their examples in 1D, 2D and 3D. The final attention is given to novel artificial materials, mainly metamaterials with negative refractive index. The course is concluded with the student presentations on selected given topics.

Requirements:

Since the course is considered as advanced, some previous outlook and knowledge of basic quantum physics, solid state physics, as well as electrodynamics and / or optics is recommended.

Syllabus of lectures:

1. Introduction - macrostructures, microstructures, nanostructures, electronic vs. photonic structures.

2. Solution of Schrödinger equation in bulk solid state and in nanostructures, methods of nanostructure description.

3. Quantum constrained structures: quantum wells, quantum wires, and quantum dots.

4. Crystal lattice, scattering of charge carriers, phonons and their energy, tunneling effect, tunneling through a barrier.

5. Excitons and their mathematical description, Mott-Wannier and Frenkel exciton, exciton-phonon interaction.

6. Electrodynamics of metals, specifics, dispersion models (Drude, Drude-Lorentz), surface-plasmons.

7. Excitation methods for surface plasmons, localized surface plasmons, description: static, quasistatic, Mie approach.

8. Structures with plasma resonance - mathematical description, IMI and MIM structures, examples - plasmonics.

9. Photonic structures, overview, classification, periodic systems, photonic crystals, optical properties.

10. Structure examples: 1D, 2D, 3D, waveguiding photonic structures, microcavities and microresonators, properties.

11. Artificially made materials and structures - artificial dielectrics, metamaterials, negative refractive index.

12. Student reports.

Syllabus of tutorials:

Study Objective:

Knowledge: solid basic and advanced knowledge of physics of nanostructures, of processes undergoing both in electronic and photonic nanostructures, its description methods and procedures.

Skills: orientation in the field of physics of nanostructures, both in electronic and photonic kind, ability to create an overview, to apply the basic physical principles on specific applications.

Study materials:

Compulsory literature:

[1] C. Kittel, Úvod do fyziky pevných látek, Academia, 1985 (in Czech).

[2] P. Harrison, Quantum Wells, Wires and Dots: Theoretical and Computational Physics, John Wiley & Sons, 1999.

[3] J. D. Joannopoulos, S. G. Johnson, J. N. Winn, R. D. Meade, Photonic crystals: Molding the flow of light, 2nd Edition, Princeton University Press, 2008.

[4] S. A. Maier, Plasmonics: fundamentals and applications, Springer Science + Business Media LLC, 2007.

Supplementary literature:

[5] P. N. Prasad: Nanophotonics, John Wiley & Sons, 2004.

Note:

Further information:

No time-table has been prepared for this course

The course is a part of the following study plans:

• Fyzikální elektronika - Fotonika (PS)
• Kvantové technologie (elective course)