Fundamentals of Optical Physics

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Lecturer:

Tutor:

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Department of Laser Physics and Photonics

Synopsis:

The lecture covers the very basics of optics. Namely, electromagnetic theory, linear optical physics and material effects, basics of nonlinear approach, and geometrical optics. The main goal of the lecture is to provide broad and general information on optics for the bachelor level students. The scope of the lecture gives an essential orientation in the field, especially with respect to character of the bachelor work. Particular topics are further elaborated during departmental masters program. The lecture stems from the electrodynamic notion of plane waves in vacuum (including polarization effects), and further from material medium. It explains basics of linear and nonlinear response in material medium and dispersion properties. It also informs on consequences in anisotropic media, it explains processes induced by boundary conditions at interfaces. It also discusses the consequences of statistics on interference processes, explains elements of two-wave interference and their applications in interferometers. Based on the Fresnel diffraction integral, diffraction processes are presented in graphical form, including fundamentals of grating diffraction. Based on this diffraction principle, basic principles of holography are clarified. Finally, the lecture unravels the geometrical optics limit. It takes notice on geometrical approach imaging, substitutive scheme of a paraxial imaging system, and optical aberrations. It shows fundamentals of imaging in optical instruments.

Requirements:

Syllabus of lectures:

1. Wave equation as the result of Maxwell equation, fundamentals of optical plane wave propagation in vacuum, basic types of waves, paraxial waves (examples: parabolic equation, Gaussian beam). Vacuum admittance, wave energy in vacuum.

2. Optical wave propagation in isotropic media, polarization vector, admittance of medium, effect of medium, absorption and dispersion in homogeneous media, nonlinear properties.

3. Processes on boundaries between two homogeneous media, polarization effects, Brewster angle, total internal reflection.

4. Polarization, description, polarization elements, anisotropic media.

5. Polychromatic wave, interference law, fundamentals of statistics and second-order coherence, measurability of statistical properties.

6. Light interference - two beam interference and optical interferometry.

7. Fresnel integral, near-field and far field diffraction, graphical interpretation.

8. Hologram as a general diffractive element, hologram fabrication, applications of holography.

9. Eiconal equation and basic postulates of geometrical optics.

10. Basic properties of ideal imaging, paraxial imaging, vergency of a refractive surface and system, vergency of two elements.

11. Optical aberrations of realistic optical systems.

12. Basic optical instruments and their properties - magnifying glass, ocular, microscope, telescopes.

Syllabus of tutorials:

Study Objective:

Knowledge: basic knowledge in the field of optics.

Skills: basic analyses and computations in the field of optics.

Study materials:

Compulsory literature:

[1] B. E. A. Saleh, M.C. Teich: Fundamentals of Photonics. J.Wiley, New York 1991.

Optional literature:

[2] M. Born, E. Wolf: Principles of Optics. Pergamon Press, London, 1993 (6th edition).

[3] J. A. Stratton: Thery of Eectromagnetic Field, N.Y., 1958.

[4] B. Sedlák, I. Štoll: Elektřina a magnetismus, Akademia, Karolinum, 1993 (in czech).

[5] E. Hecht, A. Zajac: Optics, Addison Wesley, London, 1987 (2nd edition).

[6] S. G. Lipson, H. Lipson, D. S. Tannhauser: Optical Physics, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1995 (3rd edition).

[7] Ch. Kittel: Introduction to Solid State Physics, John Wiley and Sons, London, 1976.

[8] J. Perina: Theory of Coherence, SNTL, Praha, 1973.

[9] R. J. Collier, C .B. Burckhard, L.H. Lin: Optical Holography, Academic Press, New York, 1971.

[10] B. Havelka: Geometrická optika I.,II., CSAV, Praha, 1955 (in czech).

[11] J. Bumbálek: Základy technické optiky, Skriptum FSI CVUT, Praha, 1990 (in czech).

[12] G. Schröder: Technická optika, SNTL, Praha, 1988 (in czech).

Note:

Further information:

No time-table has been prepared for this course

The course is a part of the following study plans: