Detectors

Garant předmětu:

Lecturer:

Tutor:

Supervisor:

Department of Dosimetry and Application of Ionizing Radiation

Synopsis:

Subject „Detectors“ deals with principle, construction, characteristics a applications of most common detector types, namely: ionization chambers, proportional counters, Geiger-Müller counters, corona counters, organic and inorganic scintillation detectors, Cherenkov counters, and semiconductor detectors.

Requirements:

Syllabus of lectures:

1. Types of gas filled detectors, energy dissipation per ion pair w

2. DC mode of IC - saturated current, recombination/diffusion losses - dynamic response, use of DC working IC to measure of basic dosimetric quantities (gamma ray exposure, kerma, absorbed dose, activity)

3. Pulse mode of IC - carrier collection time, IC with full or electron only collection. Fission pulse chambers.

4. Proportional counters - gas multiplication factor, and the Diethorn parameters, space charge effects and energy resolution

5. Pulse shape of proportional counter - resolution time, counting characteristic, detection efficiency, use of PC for counting and absolute activity measurement alpha/beta. X-Ray counting and spectrometry.

6. Neutron detection and spectrometry by means of nuclear reactions, shape, wall effect, long counter.

7. Principle of Geiger-Mueller counters, external/internal quenching, counting plateau, dead/recovery time. Types of GM counters and their detection efficiency.

8. Corona counter - detection of neutrons, non sensitivity to gamma rays.

9. Preliminary of the scintillation detectors. Organic/inorganic detectors, scintillation process in organic scintillators, energy levels of pi - electrons, radiation/no radiation transition, fluorescence, phosphorescence, delayed fluorescence, migration of excitation energy, self-absorption. One and multi component scintillators. Conversion efficiency, emission spectra, time constant of light emission.

10. Exploitation of organic (solid and/or liquid) scintillators - neutron detection and spectrometry. Classification of inorganic scintillators, scintillation process, basic properties, usage of inorganic scintillators, special scintillation detectors.

11. Cerenkov detector - principle, threshold, differential types. Processing and registration of light photons from detectors - photo multiplier, and semiconductor light sensitive elements. dynodes, photodiodes, dark current, dark pulses.

12. Semiconductor detectors - prompt theory - using p-n junction as detector of charged particles, thickness of depletion region, entrance window, position sensitive Si detectors, P-I-N planar or coaxial structures (Li compensated, HPGe) as photon detector, detector cooling. Detectors made of other semiconductor materials than Si and Ge.

Syllabus of tutorials:

Study Objective:

Knowledge:

Principles of ionizing radiation detection, Basic applications of detectors of ionizing radiation, Basics of construction of ionizing radiation detectors

Skills: Orientation in the covered topic, evaluation of detector parameters, choice of detectors for given application

Study materials:

Key references:

[1] Gerndt, J.; Průša, P.: Detektory ionizujícího záření. 2. přepracované vydání. Vydavatelství ČVUT, Praha, 2011.

Recommended references:

[2] Knoll, G.F.: Radiation Detection and Measurement. John Wiley & Sons, 4th edition, 2010

[3] Price, W.J.: Nuclear Radiation Detection. McGraw/Hill Book Comp., 1964

[4] P. Rodnyi: Physical Processes in Inorganic Scintillators,CRC Press, 1997

Note:

Further information:

No time-table has been prepared for this course

The course is a part of the following study plans: