Radiological Physics - Radiotherapy 1

Lecturer:

Irena Koniarová (gar.), Martin Steiner (gar.)

Tutor:

Irena Koniarová (gar.), Martin Steiner (gar.)

Supervisor:

Department of Dosimetry and Application of Ionizing Radiation

Synopsis:

Position of radiotherapy in the framework of oncology: history, basic terminology, basic radiobiology, ionizing radiation in radiotherapy, concept of target volumes, role of CT. Target localization, simulation, immobilization and patient set-up methods. BEV, DRR, EPID. Treatment planning - beam parameters and beam modifiers, basic treatment techniques - fixed SAD vs. fixed SSD, static vs. dynamic. Computerized treatment planning - input/output parameters, treatment protocol, verification system. Brachytherapy, orthovoltage radiotherapy, special radiotherapy - TBI, stereotactic irradiation, IMRT, hadron radiotherapy. CT and radiotherapeutic simulator, clinical linear accelerators and radionuclide treatment machines. Information systems in radiotherapy - data flow, data backup. QA - tests of machines, periodicity. Radiation protection of member staff and patients, personal dosimetry, monitoring, related legislation.

Requirements:

16ZDOZ, 16DETE, 16JRF1, 16JRF2, 16RBIO

Syllabus of lectures:

1. Introduction: Oncology, RT history, basic terminology, basic radiobiology, target RT and its implementation, ionizing radiation and energy range used in RT, a basic overview of technical equipment.

2. Chemical and biological interactions ionizujího phase radiation and living matter. Direct and indirect effects of IT. Damage to various structures in the cell. Reparations. The importance of oxygen-oxygen effect.

3. One-time exposure and fractionation schemes. Whithersova 4R. Elkindův phenomenon.

4. RT STRING: diagnosis, localization, treatment planning, simulation (verification), exposure monitoring.

5. LOCATION, SIMULATION, PATIENT RESTRAINT AND SETTING: The methods of setting patient-based lasers and external signs, radiographic methods for setting the patient setup verification. Microwave imaging, EPID.

6. Treatment planning: the basic parameters of photon and electron beams, beam-nominal modifiers, power, size / shape of radiation fields, shielding blocks vícelistý collimator, bolus compensator.

7. The position of radiotherapy in a comprehensive cancer care. Types of tumor involvement, the behavior of cancer.

8. TREATMENT PLANNING: A conventional dose and fractionation, standardization benefits ICRU recommendations.

9. CT, RT Simulator: components, a source of ionizing radiation detection system parameters.

10. Linear Accelerator Radiation and Radioisotope

11.Brachytherapy: used radionuclides afterloadingové systems, applicators, treatment planning (3D).

12. Radiotherapy SPECIAL TECHNIQUES AND METHODS: hypo-, hyperfractionation, TBI, IMRT.

13. ORTOVOLTÁŽNÍ RADIOTHERAPY: indications, ortovoltážní units, treatment planning, dosimetry.

14. INFORMATION SYSTEM IN RADIOTHERAPY: data streams, the verification system, data backup.

15. PROGRAM QUALITY ASSURANCE, QA: role of radiological physics and technology, the parameters of medical devices subject to the RT QA department, including examples of test methods for implementation, frequency, international audits.

16. Radiation protection: protection of staff and patients, personal dosimetry, in vivo dosimetry and legislation.

Syllabus of tutorials:

1. The mechanism of their formation, clinical examples. The term risk-body, body types of risk. Tolerance dose.

2. One-time exposure and fractionation schemes.

3. Diagnosis, localization, treatment planning, simulation (verification), exposure monitoring.

4. Location-traditional location based on orthogonal X-ray. Image, RT simulator, CT, CT (virtual) simulators.

5. Basic radiation technique with fixed-SAD (izocentrická), with fixed SSD vs. static. dynamic irradiation.

6. Practical demonstrations of basic techniques of irradiation for localization: head and neck, mother, prostate, lung.

Conventional dose and fractionation, standardization benefits.

Study Objective:

Knowledge:

Knowledge about position of radiotherapy in the framework of oncology: history, basic terminology, basic radiobiology, ionizing radiation in radiotherapy, concept of target volumes, role of CT.

Abilities:

Using redioterapeutických methods in cancer applications. The use of imaging techniques and the planning system.

Study materials:

Key references:

[1]Faiz M. Khan, The Physics of Radiation Therapy

Recommended references:

[2]Jacob Van Dyk, The Modern Technology of Radiation Oncology: A Compendium for Medical Physicists and Radiation Oncologists, Steel, Washington

Note:

Time-table for winter semester 2011/2012:

Time-table is not available yet

Time-table for summer semester 2011/2012:

Time-table is not available yet

The course is a part of the following study plans: