Building Structures 80

Lecturer:

Tutor:

Supervisor:

Department of Building Structures

Synopsis:

Fire safety solution and its parts, behaviour of building materials in fire, principles for designing of building structures from fire point of view (claddings, fire barriers, fire protective opening, fire resistance of dilatation joints, fire-resistant ceilings and glazed structures, etc), fire safety system - electric fire signalling, stationary sprinkler systems, devices for smoke and heat outlet, fire protection of tall buildings and halls.

Harmful substances in atmosphere and human organism, occurrence of harmful substances in buildings - human presence and activity, release from building materials; measures reducing harmful substance release into atmosphere, protection of new and old buildings against radon and gamma radiation, radon sources in buildings, radonproofing insulation.

Requirements:

a)giving of fire design in required extent and quality according to the beginning specification,

b)sufficient presence on lessons with adequate number of active consultations

Syllabus of lectures:

1.lecture: Analysis of fires - causes and diagram of fires, standard temperature curve, burning process, fire load;

Fire effect on state of stress and strain of statically determinate and indeterminate structures - development of plastic hinges;

Head principles of building fire safety - fire plan, escape ways, distance separation;

Relation of legal rulings and standards do Instruction EU Council, fire codex (project, test, value and complementary);

2.lecture: Behaviour of the most used material in fire: wood, steel, plastics, concrete plain, reinforced and prestressed, glues:

a)structure of material, system and velocity of combustion,

b)influence of higher temperatures on material properties, loss of stability,

c)fire protection of material - protective systems, their comparison and evaluation;

3.lecture: Principles for solution of building structures, their analysis and evaluation from fire point of view:

-fire barriers on the basis of silicates and lightweight element prefabrication: structural solution of barriers, strain of fire barriers by effect of high temperature,

-fire resistance of dilatation joints,

-fire-resistant ceilings: variants of element mounting and workmanship suspended ceiling,

-claddings: effect of solid panels and joints on fire spread along facade,

-fire-resistant glazed structures: requirement for fire resistance of glazed structures - wall, floor and roof structures, fire protective openings;

4.lecture: Fire- safety system:

a) electric fire signalling - fire indicators, technical solution,

b) stationary sprinkler and drencher systems, foam, powder and gas installations,

c) device for smoke and heat outlet,

Problems of fire liquidation in tall buildings and halls;

5.lecture: Organic and inorganic harmful substances in atmosphere (summary of effects);

Harmful substances arisen in building interior by:

a)human presence and activity,

b)release from building materials;

Materials releasing formaldehyde (wood-chip-board), monomers, softeners and heavy metals (structural plastics), styrene, epichlorhydrine (glass-reinforced plastics), biphenyls (floor coverings, glues), acides, aldehydes, terpenes (wood, systems on wooden basis),

6.lecture: Measures reducing harmful substance release into internal environment (intervention into transfer zone, intervention into harmful substance source, decomposition and removal of toxic compounds);

Biological factors of health risk - microbes and environment, microorganisms, principles of dwelling hygiene, optimization of microbe microclimate - desinfection, desincestion;

7.lecture: Protection of buildings against radon and gamma radiation;

Radon sources in buildings, limit value, radon concentration in atmosphere and specific activity of radium-226 in building materials,

Protection of new buildings - material variants of radon insulation, its thickness in dependence on radon concentration in subsoil and permeability subsoil, design of ventilating air gap in contact structures and ventilation system of soil under building,

Protection of existing buildings - measures against gamma radiation from building materials, additional ventilation of subsoil under building, radon diagnostics - determination of radon risk of subsoil, measurement of radon concentration in interior.

Syllabus of tutorials:

Drawing up of fire design:

- fire risk (fire load, allotment of disposition on fire cells),

- fire safety and size of fire cells (fire-resistance grading),

- assessment of building structures (claddings, ceilings, partitions, fire protective openings, holes,

- escape ways (types of escape ways, reserve escape possibilities, number, limit lengths and widths of escape ways),

- distance separation, device for fire intervention, firetruck access, water supply for extinguishing

Study Objective:

Study materials:

[1] Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, 1st.ed., Fire Safety in Tall Buildings, Betlehem, Pensylvania, Mc Graw-Hill Inc., 1992, 317 p., ISBN 0-07-012531-7

[2] GUSTAFSSON, H. Building materials identified as major sources for indoor air pollutants, 1st.ed., Swedish Council for Building Research, Sweden, 1992, 72 p., ISBN 91-540-5471-0

[3] Newman, G.M. The fire resistance of composite floors with steel decking, 1st.ed., The Steel Construction Institute Ascot, 1991, ISBN 1-870004-67-1

Note:

Further information:

No time-table has been prepared for this course

The course is a part of the following study plans: