Imaging Systems

Grading of the course requires grading of the following courses:

Physics II (17ABBFY2)

Lecturer:

Tutor:

Supervisor:

Department of Biomedical Technology

Synopsis:

Electromagnetic radiation and relationship to the medical imaging systems. Imaging theory fundamentals. 2D Fourier transform and related applications. Transfer properties of imaging systems. Optical imaging systems. Television (TV) imaging systems (including videoendoscopy and capsule imaging). Fundamentals of image processing. Imaging systems using infrared radiotion (termovision systems). X-ray imaging systems. X-ray TV medical imaging systems. Nuclear medical imaging systems. Ultrasound medical imaging systems. Doppler systems. Computed tomography (basic idea, schematic system arrangement, basic physical principle, development generation, basic principles of reconstruction). Magnetic resonance imaging. Positron emission tomography (PET) and Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).Specialized medical imaging systems. Lectures and laboratory exercises offer to students view on the medical image data formation, on the sensing and scanning principles, on the digitization and processing, on the functional principle and image sensing devices as well. There are very important mutual relationships, which are important from the point of view of subject and study branch interdisciplinarity.

Requirements:

Syllabus of lectures:

1.Inroduction. Medical imaging methods and systems meanings. Assignment of electromagnetic spectra and ultrasound oscillations to the medical imaging systems. Basic division of medical imaging methods and systems.

2.Fundamentals of 2D imaging theory. Transfer properties of imaging systems. Spatial resolution. Quality assessment of medical imaging systems.

3.Optical imaging systems. Microscope imaging systems.

4.Television imaging systems. Sensing and scanning principles. TV systems parameters. Applications of TV systems in medical care. Videoendoscopy and capsule endoscopy.

5.Sensing and digitization of image signal. Review of the sensing devices. Basic methods of image processing.

6.Infrared medical imaging systems. Thermovision medical imaging systems. Main principle and diagnostic meanings.

7.X-ray systems. Set-up and part description. X-ray detectors. X-ray TV medical imaging systems. Digital subtractive angiography. Digital radiography.

8.Nuclear medical imaging systems. Anger gamacamera.

9.Ultrasound medical imaging systems. Basic quantities of sound field. Physics of ultrasound. Transducers and probes. System resolution. Display modes and image formation.

10.Doppler effect. Doppler systems. PW and CW systems.

11.Computed tomography. Basic principal. Detectors. Image formation and reconstruction.

12.Physical basis of nuclear magnetic resonance. Relaxation, relaxation times, time constants T1 and T2. Time to echo (TE) and time to repetition (TR). Voxel spatial position coding. Fourier method of reconstruction. Image formation principle. Set-up of MR system.

13.Tomographical imaging systems in nuclear medicine. Fundamental principle of PET and SPECT. Basic idea of iterative reconstruction.

14.Specialized medical imaging systems.

Syllabus of tutorials:

1.Matlab - Image Processing Toolbox. Introduction. Demos. Examples.

2.Fundamental methods of the image processing.

3.Mathematical theory of the imaging systems. Computational examples and application of the 2D Fourier transform.

4.Measurement on TV system. TV norm. Properties of TV system.

5.Experiments with commercial scanner HP and specialized scanner fy Vidar Sierra Plus for X-ray film.

6.Infrared medical imaging systems physics. Computational examples.

7.X-ray physics - computational examples. Educational videoprogammes about X-ray and W. C. Roentgen.

8.Measurement on the ultrasound systems. Educational videoprogrammes about ultrasound systems.

9.Experiments with X-ray camera Shad-o-box fy Rad-icon.

10.CT reconstruction - direct backprojection.

11.CT reconstruction - 2D Fourier transform.

12.CT reconstruction - filtered backprojection.

13.Iterative methods of reconstruction.

14.MR image reconstruction and formation

Study Objective:

To give the students information about physical-technical principles of conventional image formation in imaging systems and tomographical imaging systems. The idea is to

understand limiting principles and parameters of these imaging systems. Based on this understanding, the student will be able to decide whether or not medical doctors requirements are satisfied.

Study materials:

[1] Hozman, J., Roubík, K. Tomographical medical imaging systems - CT - http://www.civ.cvut.cz/info/info.php?&did=603 . Educational programme. Praha: AVTC ČVUT, 2002.

[2] Magnetic resonance imaging : physical principles and sequence design / E. Mark Haacke ... [et al.]. - New York : Wiley-Liss, c1999. - xxvii, 914 s. : il. - ISBN 0-471-35128-8.

[3] Essentials of nuclear medicine physics / Rachel A. Powsner, Edward R. Powsner. - Malden : Blackwell, c1998. - ix, 199 s., příl. : il. - ISBN 0-632-04314-8.

[4] The physics of medical imaging / edited by Steve Webb. - Bristol : Institut of Physics, c1988. - xv, 633 s. : il. - ISBN 0-85274-349-1.

[5] Computed tomography : principles, design, artifacts, and recent advances / Jiang Hsieh. - Bellingham : SPIE Press, c2003. - vii, 387 s. : il. - ISBN 0-8194-4425-1.

[6] Estimation of blood velocites using ultrasound : a signal processing approach / Jorgen Arendt Jensen. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1996. - xviii, 317 s. : il. - ISBN 0-521-46484-6.

Note:

Further information:

No time-table has been prepared for this course

The course is a part of the following study plans:

• Prospectus - bakalářský (!)
• Bakalářský studijní obor Biomedicínský technik v AJ (compulsory course)