Chosen Chapters from Applied Biophysics

Lecturer:

Jozef Rosina (gar.), Lucie Bártová

Tutor:

Lucie Bártová

Supervisor:

Department of medical branches and humanities

Synopsis:

At the interface of physical and biological sciences was one of the interdisciplinary scientific disciplines - biophysics. Components is also applied biophysics biophysics, which studies the basic mechanisms of action of various physical factors on human health, focused their interest on the physiological and pathological manifestations of the organism and the related principles of diagnosis and therapy.

The goal is to master the fundamentals of applied biophysics and basic principles of measurement techniques with which could come into contact with a graduate degree in this field. Attention is paid to the areas of ionizing radiation, ionizing radiation interactions with matter, detection and dosimetry of ionizing radiation. Students will be referred to the lecture on the effects of electric current on the organism, the effects of optical radiation and noise on the organism, is described biophysical mechanism of functioning of membranes, selected organs, the effects of pressure, vacuum, pressure, congestion, etc. The principles of lasers

The goal is to explain the biophysical principles of physiological processes of the human body (molecular biophysics, biophysics of cells and tissues), its function (perception of biophysics, biophysics authorities) and its interaction with the external environment.

Requirements:

Successful completion of practical exercises and demonstration of knowledge to the test

Credit:

processing of paper and performances with him,

80% participation in practical exercises to comply with all obligations required for these exercises,

without obtaining credit and write credit to the KOS-test can be implemented.

Examination:

Oral interview examination

Thematic areas for testing:

Types of ionizing radiation and their sources.

The basic mechanism of biological effect of ionizing radiation.

Interaction of ionizing radiation with matter.

Natural and artificial radioactivity. The law of radioactive decay. Types of radioactive decay, feed laws.

Radioactive equilibrium, half-lives.

The use of radioactive isotopes in diagnosis and therapy.

Types of X-rays of his characteristics. Absorption of X-rays.

Radiotherapy. Radiation sickness.

atomic and hydrogen bomb.

The basic physical laws of hydrostatics. (Pascal's law, Laplace law).

The laws of hydrodynamics and their biophysical significance. Continuity equation and Bernoulli's equation. Hagenův Poiseuilleův-law. Peripheral vascular resistance.

laminar and turbulent flow. Reynolds number. Effect of viscosity on fluid flow.

Biophysics of blood circulation, blood circulation at rest and during exercise.

Blood pressure. The mechanism of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The pressure curve, mean (effective) blood pressure.

Indirect measurement of blood pressure, blood pressure measurement accuracy, ways.

colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressure and its biological significance. Transkapilární exchange.

Molecular properties of gases, basic concepts. Dalton's law, examples. Solubility of gases in liquids, Henry's law examples.

Molecular properties of liquids - phenomena at the interface phases. Surface tension. Adsorption.

The molecular properties of liquids - transport phenomena. Viscosity. Flow of ideal and real fluids.

The molecular properties of liquids - transport phenomena. Heat conduction. Diffusion, I. and II. Fick law.

The physiological significance of osmotic pressure. Isotonie.

The structure and physical properties of biological membranes. Active and passive membrane transport.

Electrical signs in the living organism, chemical and electrochemical potential. The electrical double layer. Resting membrane potential, membrane polarization.

Nernst equation. Donnanova balance.

Action potential. Sodium-potassium pump.

receptor potential. The origin, course and spread of action potentials.

Principle of ECG. Excitatory and cardiac conduction system. Electric field of heart. Einthovenův triangle.

Magnetic resonance Lamorova frequencies, the principle of resonance happens, relaxing time.

Electrotherapy - the application of direct current, iontophoresis, galvanization.

Electrotherapy - application of alternating currents and electric pulses

Mechanical properties of tissues. Hooke's law.

Mechanics of breathing. Inspiration and expiration date. Lung volumes and capacities.

Representation of gases in the body and their partial pressures, the exchange of respiratory gases, alveolocapillary membrane structure.

The biophysical data of individual layers of the eye. Eye as a centered optical system. Eye axes.

accommodation of the eye, spherical, aspherical ametropia, their correction.

Presbyopia, accommodative range depending on age.

Biophysics of vision, a schematic cross section of the retina. Field of the eye. The principle of spatial perception - visual perception dimensional character.

Biophysics of rods and cones. The mechanism of color perception. Disorders of color perception. Adaptation to light and to darkness.

Basic characteristics of the sound: height, color, intensity, intensity level, volume level. Auditory field.

Biophysics of Hearing: audio outer, middle and inner ear.

Basic theory of hearing.

Electrical phenomena in the irritation of hearing, the emergence of an action potential.

Methods of testing hearing disorders. The basic types of hearing disorders.

Sources of ultrasonic waves - mechanical, piezoelectric, magnetostrictive.

The absorption of ultrasonic energy. Diagnostic ultrasound imaging systems. The use of ultrasound in practice.

Doppler effect. Doppler ultrasound systems

Syllabus of lectures:

First Structure of matter, forces in nature, Elementary particle mass, dispersion system, Transport phenomena, external pressure and the body, Effects of external pressure on the organism, Effect of pressure on the organism, Effect of pressure on the organism.

Second Biophysical aspects of temperature, heat and cold, temperature control of the human body temperature measurement, infrared radiation, Baths, cold, and use of cryotherapy in medicine,

Third Biological membranes, membrane resting and action potential, resting membrane potential, membrane action potential, electric current, General Characteristics, Passive electrical properties of tissues, effects of electric current, electric current use in medicine, direct current, alternating current of low frequency alternating current secondary frequency, high frequency current and electromagnetic waves, electric current, active electrical properties of excitatory tissues

4th Physical basics of breathing, blood circulation and blood pressure, blood pressure measurements, optical radiation, eye, and apparatus using optical methods, healthy eye, eye defects and correction of defects, ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation (IR)

5th Ionizing radiation, units of radioactivity, types of radioactive decay, X-rays, biological effects of ionizing radiation, radiosensitivity, Stochastic and deterministic effects of ionizing radiation, cells affected by radioactivity Life, Instruments for personal dosimetry and protection, use of ionizing radiation in medicine, Instrumentation in Medicine

Syllabus of tutorials:

First Construction materials.

Second The conversion of energy in the body.

Third Sedimentation of blood.

4th Centrifugal force.

5th Aviation and space travel and their effects on muscle nerve apparatus.

6th External pressure and body.

7th Sterilization.

8th Biophysical aspects of temperature control, use of heat and cold.

9th Noise and audiometry.

10th Listening, percussion, palpation.

11th Ultrasound.

12th Biological membrane resting and action membrane potential.

13th Electric current.

14th Breathing, breathing physical basis. Blood circulation.

15th Optical radiation, eye, and apparatus using optical methods.

16th Biomechanics, deformation of solid bodies and its importance in health care.

17th Ionizing radiation, types of ionizing radiation.

18th Biological effects of ionizing radiation, radiosensitivity, stochastiské and deterministic effects of ionizing radiation.

19th Detection of ionizing radiation, the principles of protection against ionizing radiation.

20th Acute radiation sickness / syndromes. Phase of acute radiation sickness. Treatment of medullary syndrome YES.

21st The use of ionizing radiation in medicine.

22nd Magnetic resonance.

Study Objective:

The course for students of biophysics planning and crisis management provide a broad basis necessary for further interpretation, which follows a specialized part of the physical and biophysical phenomena and approaches with which the graduates will encounter in practice.

Study materials:

[1] Rosina, J., Kolářová, H., Stanek, J.: Biofyzika pro studenty zdravotnických oborů. Grada, Praha 2006

[2] Recommended reading:

[3] Navrátil, L., Rosina, J.: Medicínská biofyzika - učebnice pro lékařské fakulty Grada, Praha, 2005

[4] L. Navrátil a kol.: Vnitřní lékařství pro nelékařské zdravotnické obory. Grada, Praha 2008

[5] Odborná periodika:

[6] Časopis Lékař a technika

Note:

Time-table for winter semester 2011/2012:

Time-table is not available yet

Time-table for summer semester 2011/2012:

Time-table is not available yet

The course is a part of the following study plans:

• Bakalářský studijní obor Plánování a řízení krizových situací - prezenční (compulsory course)