Radiologic Physics I

Lecturer:

František Podzimek

Tutor:

František Podzimek

Supervisor:

Department of medical branches and humanities

Synopsis:

The target of the subject is to acquaint students with basic mathematical-physical and biophysical knowledge necessary for understanding mechanisms of interactions of ionizing radiation with living and inanimate systems. It explains the development of concepts concerning microcosmos, radiation physics, relativistic and quantum characteristics, basic characteristics of the atom and atomic nucleus. Most important nuclear models, particular types of ionizing radiation, mechanisms of their origination, principles of sources, etc., are explained. General characteristics are described of radioactive transmutation, alpha decay, proton radioactivity, beta decay, gamma-ray emission, natural activity, characteristics and types of nuclear reactions, nuclear fission, transuranium elements, thermonuclear reaction.

Students are acquainted with general characteristics of ionizing radiation interactions with matter, alpha radiation interactions, interactions of beta, gamma and neutron radiation, passage of beams through matter, effects of radiation on matter. Description of effects of radiation on cells, description of stochastic and non-stochastic processes, effects of radiation on tissues and organism including description of post-irradiation syndrome. Basic information is also presented concerning principles of detection and measurement of ionizing radiation, dosimetric measurement methods, outline of dosimetric quantities and units. Quantities and units employed in the description of sources, fields and interactions of radiation, energy transfer, energy absorption and ionization are detailed. Based on biological effects of ionizing radiation, the newest quantities used in radiation protection are also described. Independent attention is paid to targets and tasks of radiation protection, principles of protection from radiation and radiation monitoring. By way of information, the students are also acquainted with legislation in the Czech Republic and European Union aimed at problems of ionizing radiation. The students are conclusively acquainted with industrial use of ionizing radiation, radiation loading to man from natural and artificial sources and radiation accidents. Possible risks of misuse of ionizing radiation for radiological terrorist attacks are also discussed.

Requirements:

participation in lectures 100% (excused absence replaced department of the agreement with the lecturer)

demonstrate the acquired knowledge written test (success - at least 80% of possible points)

Syllabus of lectures:

Lectures:

Introduction to radiation physics

History of the universe, origin of elementary particles, unitary theory of field, basic interactions, basic particles, bosons, fermions, leptons, quarks, hadrons, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.

Structure of the atom

Quantum mechanical model, excitation of atoms, molecular bonds, nuclear forces, basic models of the atomic nucleus, nucleus mass, stability of atomic nuclei, binding energy. Periodical system of elements.

Origin of ionizing radiation

Radioactivity, its cause beta minus decay, positronic decay,electron capture, alpha decay, spontaneous fission, gamma conversion and internal conversion, description of radioactive transmutation, nuclear reactions.

Types and characteristics of ionizing radiation

Alpha radiation, beta radiation, electromagnetic radiation, gamma radiation, X-rays, annihilation radiation, neutron radiation.

Ionizing radiation sources

Cosmic radiation and cosmogenic radionuclides, natural radionuclides in the Earth crust, artificial sources of radioactivity, accelerators, X-ray apparatus, nuclear reactor, production and use of radionuclides.

Interactions of ionizing radiation with matter

Gamma radiation, Compton effect, photoelectric effect, pair production, charged particles, heavy charged particles, electrons, neutron radiation, elastic scattering of neutrons on atomic nuclei. inelastic scattering, nuclear reactions of neutrons.

Ionizing radiation dosimetry

System of dosimetric quantities and units, quantities and units characterizing ionizing radiation sources, radiation fields in matter, effects of ionizing radiation on matter, distribution of ionizing radiation energy in matter, quantities and units employed in protection from ionizing radiation.

Principles of the ionizing radiation detection

Detection based on primary effects - detection based on ionization in gaseous phase, in solid phase, on excitation in solid and liquid phases, on nuclear reactions. Detection based on secondary effects - photographic methods of the detection, chemical methods of the detection, calorimetric methods of the detection, solid state detectors, bubble and fog chambers, personal dosemeters.

Biological effects of ionizing radiation

The basic mechanism of ionizing radiation biological effect,stochastic and non-stochastic effects. Radiosensitivity and radioresistance.

Principles of protection from ionizing radiation

Principles and targets of radiation protection, protection from external ionizing radiation, protection based on time, distance, shielding, protection from internal contamination. System of limiting the doses.

Ionizing radiation and Czech legislation

Law No. 18/1997 Sb - Atomic Law, SUJB, Regulation No. 307/2002 Sb. On radiation protection.

Applications of ionizing radiation

Radiodiagnostics, radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, industrial use of ionizing radiation, dating based on radioactivity, irradiation of food, sterilization, activation analysis.

Ionizing radiation in human environment

Radiation loading to man from natural and artificial sources, radiation accidents

Misuse of ionizing radiation

Nuclear weapons, radioactive fallout, radiobiological terrorism.

Syllabus of tutorials:

N/A

Study Objective:

Targets:

to master basic knowledge within the subject to the extent necessary for the performance of the profession in the branch Radiology Assistant.

Study materials:

Povinná literatura:

[1] Navrátil, L., Rosina, J. a kolektiv. Medicínská biofyzika, Avicenum, Grada Publishing, 2005, ISBN 80-247-1152-4

Doporucená literatura:

[1] Attix F.H., Introduction to radiological physics and radiation dosimetry, John Wiley, 1986,

[2]Knoll, G. F.: Radiation Detection and Measurement, Third edition, John Wiley and Son, Ann Arbor, 2000

[3] Sabol, J.: Základy dozimetrie, CVUT, Praha, 1992

[4] Kolektiv autoru (Editor: V. Klener): Principy a praxe radiacní ochrany, SUJB, Praha, 2000

Note:

Time-table for winter semester 2011/2012:

	06:00–08:0008:00–10:0010:00–12:0012:00–14:0014:00–16:0016:00–18:0018:00–20:0020:00–22:0022:00–24:00
Mon
Tue
Fri
Thu	roomKL:GDM4 Podzimek F. 10:00–11:50 (lecture parallel1) Kladno FBMI Učebna GDM4_301
Fri

Time-table for summer semester 2011/2012:

Time-table is not available yet

The course is a part of the following study plans:

• Bakalářský studijní obor Radiologický asistent - prezenční (compulsory course)