Nuclear and Radiation Physics 1

Lecturer:

Ladislav Musílek (gar.), Tomáš Urban (gar.)

Tutor:

Ladislav Musílek (gar.), Tomáš Urban (gar.)

Supervisor:

Department of Dosimetry and Application of Ionizing Radiation

Synopsis:

Concise review of opinions about the atom and the nucleus, physical quantities in the micro- and macroscopic world, relativistic and quantum particle properties, cross section, basic characteristics of the atomic nucleus, measurement of nuclear mass, binding energy of the nucleus, nuclear radius, nuclear moments, basic models of nuclei. Basic particles of ionizing radiation, interaction of various radiation types with a matter, penetration of particle beams through material, radiation effects in matter.

Requirements:

Course of mathematics and physics on the level of basic courses at the FNSPE.

Syllabus of lectures:

1.Concise review of historic development of nuclear and radiation physics

2.The most important problems and trends in contemporary nuclear and sub-nuclear physics

3.Physical quantities in macro- and microcosmos

4.Relativistic and quantum physics

5.Measurements in microcosmos, cross sections

6.Basics characteristics of atomic nuclei

7.Methods of determination of atomic and nuclear masses, mass of a the nucleons

8.Binding energy of nuclei and their stability, nucleon binding energy

9.Binding energy of parts of a nucleus to this nucleus, nucleon stability

10.Methods for determining dimensions of nuclei

11.Nuclear moments

12.Further quantum characteristics of nuclei (statistics, parity, isotopic spin)

13.Nuclear models - general characteristics

14.Liquid drop model of a nucleus

15.Nuclear shell model

16.Unified nuclear model

17.Basic properties of the most important particles in radiation physics

18.General characteristics of interaction of ionising radiation with a matter

19.Interaction of heavy charged particles with a matter, linear stopping power, range

20.Energy loses of electrons transmitting through a matter

21.Cerenkov radiation

22.Processes if interaction of X- and gamma-rays with a matter

23.Transmission of photon beams through a matter, build-up factor

24.Attenuation, energy transfer and energy absorption coefficient

25.Processes of neutron interactions in a matter

26.Quantities describing behaviour of neutrons in a matter

27.Energy states of electrons in a matter

28.Effects caused in a matter by ionising radiation - ionisation and excitation, heat production

Syllabus of tutorials:

1. laboratory reference frame vs. center of mass reference frame

2. fundamental relations in quantum physics

3. classical (Newton) vs. relativistic (Einstein) physics

4. relations among momentum, mass, energy, wawelength, frequency, etc.

5. binding energy of nuclei, Weizsäcker formula, line of beta stability

6. mass and ardius of nuclei

7. interaction of heavy charged particle with matter

8. interaction of light charged particle with matter

9. Bethe-Bloch formula for collision and radiation losses

10. empirical relationships for range of particles in material

11. interaction of photons with matter

12. passage of photon beam through material

13. interaction of neutron with matter

14. credit test

Study Objective:

Knowledges:

Knowledge of nuclear and radiation physics as the basis for more specialized courses on the detection, dosimetry and the use of ionizing radiation in various applications of science and technology.

Abilities:

Application of basic knowledge on complex systems, usable for various applications.

Study materials:

Key references:

[1] L. Musílek: Úvod do fyziky ionizujícího záření, Praha, SNTL 1979

Recommended references:

[2] J.S. Lilley: Nuclear Physics - Principles and Applications. Chichester, Wiley 2001

[3] K.N. Muchin: Eksperimental'naja jaděrnaja fizika I. Moskva, Eněrgoatomizdat 1983

[4] J. Magill - J. Gally: Radioactivity, Radionuclides, Radiation. Berlin, Springer 2005

[5] B. Povh - K. Rith - C. Scholz - F. Zetsche: Particles and Nuclei - An Introduction to the Physical Concepts. Berlin, Springer 1999

[6] B.R. Martin: Nuclear and Particle Physics - An Introduction. Chichester, Wiley 2006

[7] W. Loveland - D.J.Morisey - G.T. Seaborg: Modern Nuclear Chemistry. Hoboken, Wiley 2006

Note:

Time-table for winter semester 2011/2012:

Time-table is not available yet

Time-table for summer semester 2011/2012:

Time-table is not available yet

The course is a part of the following study plans: