Thermomechanics and fluid dynamics

Přednášející:

Cvičící:

Předmět zajišťuje:

katedra elektrických pohonů a trakce

Anotace:

Dynamics of hydraulic systems (transport losses, unsteady phenomena, water impact, hydrodynamic forces). Fundamentals of theory of similitude, dimensional analysis, Buckingham theorem. Thermodynamics of power machines, steam and gas turbines, increasing of efficiency (regeneration). Introduction to dynamics of gas and vapour (critical state, adiabatic flow without and with losses, nozzles and diffusers). Fundamentals of heat transfer, heat exchangers.

Požadavky:

Osnova přednášek:

1.Incompressible fluid in stream tube. Laminar and turbulent flow, hydraulic losses.

2.Forced and free unsteady flow, hydraulic impact.

3.Linear momentum equation. Fundamentals of theory of similitude, dimensional analysis.

4.Thermodynamics of state changes, energy equation. Thermodynamic properties of real gases and vapours.

5.Heat diagrams. Water steam. State changes in water steam (tables, diagrams, programs).

6.Laws of one-dimensional flow of compressible fluids in stream tube, critical velocity and critical state.

7.Adiabatic outflow of gases and vapours from vessel, nozzle and diffuser. Flow with losses, pressure reduction.

8.Cycles of heat machines, work and efficiency. Cycles of compressors.

9.Gas turbines. Ericsson cycle and his modifications.

10.Steam turbines with superheated and saturated steam, Clausius-Rankine cycle. Reheating of expanding steam.

11.Increasing of efficiency of steam turbines, Carnotization of cycle by regeneration.

12.Cycles with irreversible expansion. Steam-gas cycles

13..Thermodynamics of moist air.

14.State changes in moist air.

Osnova cvičení:

1.Hydraulic systems, friction and local losses

2.Unsteady flow in conduit with losses, influence of regulating valve on pressure differences

3.Measurement of flow velocity, flowrate, pressure differences and loss coefficients (laboratory)

4.Calculation of hydrodynamic forces and of moments, turbine equation.

5.Processes in gases, equation of isobar in T-s diagram, calorimetric equation

6.Solving of processes in water steam with application of heat diagrams

7.Computational programs for water and water steam (PC laboratory)

8.Adiabatic flow of gases and vapours through stream tube, courses of velocity, pressure and density

9.Flow in nozzles and diffusers, Laval nozzle

10.Calculation of work and efficiency of compressors and gas turbines

11.Work, power and efficiency of turbines with superheated water steam

12.Cycles of turbines with saturated water steam.

13. Work and efficiency of simple steam-gas cycle

14.Calculation of processes in moist air.

Cíle studia:

Studijní materiály:

1.Munson, B. R., Young, D. F., Okiishi, T. H.: Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons, 2005.

2.Cengel, Y., A., Boles, M.,A.: Thermodynamics: an engineering approach. McGraw-Hill, New York, 2006.

3.Anderson, J. D. Jr. : Modern Compressible flow. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1982

4.Mareš, R., Šifner, O., Kadrnožka,J. : Tables of Properties of Water and Steam. VUITIUM Brno, 1999

Poznámka:

Rozsah výuky v kombinované formě studia: 14p+6s

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